Cabral, Freire et la Décolonisation de l'Académie au XXIe Siècle
Mots-clés :
Éducation, Université, Afrique, Amilcar Cabral, Paulo FreireRésumé
Cet article interroge l'impact de la philosophie, des idées et de la pratique de deux universitaires décoloniaux du XXe siècle. Il se concentre sur les écrits d'Amílcar Cabral et de Paulo Freire, particulièrement leur utilisation de la libération nationale et de la culture comme mécanisme pour conscientiser le peuple. Il fournit une brève histoire du mouvement pour décoloniser l'éducation en Afrique depuis l'indépendance jusqu'au début du XXIe siècle. L'article examine La Politique de l'Éducation de Paulo Freire et Unité et Lutte d'Amílcar Cabral comme textes fondateurs pour examiner le mouvement de décolonisation. La culture est centrale dans les idées et les philosophies des écrits de ces deux penseurs décoloniaux. Freire et Cabral se croisent intellectuellement, philosophiquement et pratiquement à travers leurs examens de la culture et de la conscientisation. La connexion entre Cabral et Freire s'étend au-delà d'un simple exercice académique vers des échanges sur le terrain. L'échange pratique d'idées, de pédagogie et de pratique de Paulo Freire en Guinée-Bissau de 1975 à 1980, tel que documenté dans Pédagogie en Processus (1978), a matérialisé la relation entre les idées et la philosophie de ces deux penseurs (Chianca & Ceccon, 2017). Enfin, en se basant sur les écrits de Cabral et Freire, l'essai fournit quatre recommandations clés pour faire avancer le mouvement pour la décolonisation, à savoir : embrasser la culture du peuple comme site de lutte, s'engager dans des dialogues de classe internes, éduquer politiquement la communauté académique, et créer des institutions pour promouvoir les débats décoloniaux au-delà de l'académie.
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